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Key Points Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists lower blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus GLP-1R agonists have a long-term, weight-reducing effect in the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes Ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning with GLP-1R agonists results in a reduction of 50% in the size of myocardial infarctions in animal models, and inhibit myocardial stunning and dysfunction in humans GLP-1R agonists reduce the levels of biomarkers that have been linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and, therefore, might inhibit atherosclerosis development GLP-1R agonists might improve endothelial dysfunction To date, clinical studies of GLP-1R agonists have shown improvement, rather than impairment, in cardiovascular parameters This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $189.00 per year only $15.75 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF

At PlexusDx, we emphasize that genetic predispositions in peptide pathways may provide context for understanding individual variation in GLP-1 responseinformation that can support more personalized treatment discussions

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E-mail: [email protected] Accepted 6 October 2025 Published 28 October 2025 Conflicts of interest LVK reports financial support from or interest in Teva and Lundbeck